Last Updated: March 5, 2026
Last Updated: March 5, 2026
Asthenospermia: Understanding the condition and Exploring Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) options
Asthenospermia, also known as poor sperm motility, is a condition where a man’s sperm has reduced or impaired movement. This can significantly impact fertility and increase the risk of infertility. In this blog, we’ll delve into the world of asthenospermia, exploring the causes, diagnosis, and treatment options, including Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) like IUI, ICSI, and others.
What is asthenospermia?
Asthenospermia is a condition characterized by low sperm motility, which can be classified into three categories:
- Mild asthenospermia: 30-50% of sperm with progressive motility.
- Moderate asthenospermia: 10-30% of sperm with progressive motility.
- Severe asthenospermia: Less than 10% of sperm with progressive motility.
Causes of asthenospermia
Asthenospermia can be caused by a range of factors, including:
- Genetic factors: Inherited conditions, such as Kartagener syndrome.
- Infections: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), prostatitis, or epididymitis.
- Hormonal imbalances: Low testosterone or thyroid hormone imbalances.
- Lifestyle factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, or obesity.
- Environmental factors: Exposure to toxins, pesticides, or heavy metals
Diagnosis of asthenospermia
Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive semen analysis, which assesses sperm count, motility, morphology, and other parameters.
Several ART options are available to help couples overcome asthenospermia:
- Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): Washed sperm is inserted directly into the uterus, bypassing the cervix and increasing the chances of fertilization.
- In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Eggs are retrieved and fertilized with sperm in a laboratory, and the resulting embryos are transferred to the uterus.
- Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): A single healthy sperm is injected directly into an egg, increasing the chances of fertilization.
- Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting (MACS): Sperm is sorted and selected based on their motility and DNA integrity, increasing the chances of fertilization.
- Physiological Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (PICSI): A specialized ICSI technique that selects the healthiest sperm for injection.
Which option works best and why?
The best ART option for asthenospermia depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Here’s a brief overview:
ART option | Indications | Success rates |
IUI | Mild asthenospermia, cervical mucus issues. | 10-20% per cycle. |
IVF | IVF Moderate asthenospermia, multiple failed IUI cycles. | 40-50% per cycle. |
ICSI | ICSI Severe asthenospermia, previous IVF failures. | 50-70% per cycle. |
MACS | MACS Poor sperm motility, DNA fragmentation. | 50-70% per cycle. |
PICSI | PICSI Poor sperm quality, previous ICSI failures. | 50-70% per cycle. |
Conclusion
Asthenospermia can be a challenging condition, but with the right ART option, many couples can achieve their dream of parenthood. Consult a fertility specialist to determine the best course of treatment for your specific situation.
At Bavishi Fertility Institute, our expert team is dedicated to providing personalized care and guidance throughout your fertility journey. Contact us to learn more about our ART services and schedule a consultation.
Author bio
Dr. Parth Bavishi, MD in Obstetrics and Gynecology, brings over 12 years of invaluable work experience to his role as Director of Bavishi Fertility Institute, leading a group of IVF clinics committed to helping couples realise their dreams of parenthood.
Bavishi Fertility Institute is dedicated to providing customised and personalised treatments which are simple, safe , smart and successful. Bavishi Fertility Institute works with success and satisfaction for all at heart. Providing an ideal blend of professional treatment and personalised care.
Dr Parth had special training in infertility at Bavishi fertility Institute, the Diamond Institute, USA, and the HART Institute, Japan.
Dr. Bavishi is a distinguished expert in his field. In addition to his clinical practice, Dr. Bavishi is the author of the acclaimed book, ‘Your Miracle in Making: A Couple’s Guide to Pregnancy,’ offering invaluable insights to couples navigating the complexities of fertility. He loves to empower patients to make the correct choice by education both online and offline.
His exceptional contributions have earned him the prestigious Rose of Paracelsus award from the European Medical Association. Dr Parth has been an invited faculty at many national and international conferences.
Beyond his professional endeavors, Dr. Bavishi is an avid traveller who finds solace in exploring new destinations. He also enjoys engaging his mind with brainy puzzles, always seeking new challenges and solutions outside of the medical realm.
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Asthenospermia and Sperm Motility Issues
Yes, in many cases asthenospermia can be temporary and reversible, especially when caused by infections, fever, stress, or lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol use.
Improvement usually takes about 3 months, as sperm production follows a 72–90 day cycle, depending on the underlying cause and treatment approach.
Yes, increasing male age can negatively impact sperm motility, DNA integrity, and overall sperm quality, even in otherwise healthy men.
Moderate ejaculation frequency (every 2–3 days) is generally recommended, as prolonged abstinence may reduce motility while very frequent ejaculation may lower sperm count.
Not necessarily. Asthenospermia affects sperm movement and does not directly cause erectile dysfunction or reduced sexual desire, although hormonal issues may overlap.
Certain antioxidants such as CoQ10, zinc, selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, and L-carnitine may help improve sperm motility when prescribed appropriately.
No, not all men with varicocele develop asthenospermia, but it is a common contributing factor and may affect sperm motility by increasing testicular temperature.
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